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Powerlifting is a strength
sport, consisting of three events: the squat, the bench press, and
the deadlift. The maximum weight lifted in each event is totalled
for a final score; lifters compete in bodyweight classes.
Powerlifting is of relatively modern origin, with the first formal
competitions occurring in the mid 1960s. It is open to both men and
women.
In contrast to classical Olympic weightlifting events, where an
athlete raises a barbell from the floor to over his head,
powerlifting movements are shorter. While both disciplines demand
high levels of force production, powerlifting focuses more directly
on the rapid force produced by dynamic efforts. The two sports are
largely separated by geography, with Olympic weightlifting being
more popular in Eastern Europe and Asia (Russia, Turkey, Iran,
China, and others), while powerlifting is more popular in Western
Europe and North America. However, support for powerlifting is
growing worldwide, with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Indonesia, and
Taiwan producing World Champions and World Record holders.
Contents
* 1 Events
o 1.1 Squat
o 1.2 Bench press
o 1.3 Deadlift
* 2 Organizations
o 2.1 United States Federations
o 2.2 Canadian Federations
o 2.3 Australian Federations
o 2.4 International Federations
* 3 Controversy and recognition
* 4 External links
Events
Squat
The athlete stands under a racked barbell which is loaded with
weight. Grabbing the bar from behind, the bar is put onto the top of
the back, resting on the trapezius. The athlete walks clear of the
rack (unless competing in a federation using a "monolift", a device
which supports the bar in place until the lifter is ready), and
squats down until the top of the thigh at the hip joint is lower
than the top of the knee. Although the bottom position is sometimes
described as having the thigh "below parallel" to the floor, the
lower thigh may not necessarily appear to be beneath parallel. The
lifter then stands up again, and carefully returns the weight to the
rack. Disqualification results from the bar making any downward
movement after the lifter has started upwards, if the spotters touch
the bar in any way, if the lifter does not descend far enough, or if
the lifter makes no effort to re-rack the weight under his own
power.
Bench press
The athlete lies on a bench. A loaded barbell rests on stands built
into the bench above the eye level of the lifter when lying supine
on the bench. The athlete removes the bar from the supports with the
aid of one or more spotters, lowers it to the chest, pauses, and
then presses it up to the full extension of the arms, then carefully
returns the weight to the rack. Disqualification results if the bar
is placed too low on the body (varies by federation), if the bar
does not pause on the chest before being lifted upward (in some
federations, an explicit "press" command is given, and the athlete
cannot lift upwards until it is given), if the bar fails to touch
the chest, if the bar hits the uprights of the rack on the ascent,
or if the bar makes any downward motion during the ascent. In
addition, the lift is nullified if the feet move during the lift, if
the buttocks lift off the bench, or if the body makes any extraneous
movement during the lift.
Deadlift
A loaded barbell is placed on the floor. The athlete reaches down,
grasps the bar, and lifts it until the legs and back are straight
and upright, and the chest proud. The bar is then returned to the
floor in a controlled manner. The end of the lift is referred to as
'locking out', which means to straighten the back and lock the knees
into a balanced position. Disqualification results from the athlete
failing to stand completely upright, or if the bar makes any
downward motion during the ascent, or for using the thighs to assist
the lift (hitching).
Organizations
Although powerlifting always uses the squat, bench press and
deadlift as events, different federations have different rules and
different interpretations of the rules, leading to a myriad of
variations. Some federations, such as the ADAU and 100% Raw
Federation, allow NO protective gear to be worn by the lifter. Some,
such as the IPF and AAU, only allow a single-ply tight polyester
squat suit, deadlift suit and bench shirt, wraps for knees and
wrists, and a belt. Other federations, such as the IPA and WPO allow
opened or closed back bench shirts, multi-ply gear, and a wide array
of gear materials such as canvas, denim, polyester etc.
In an IPF bench press, the barbell can go as low as the xiphoid
process and no further in the lift, whereas in other federations,
the barbell can touch the abdomen. (This shortens the distance in
which the barbell is moved and is an advantage to the lifter.)
With the advent of the latest high-tech gear, powerlifting gear
usage has become somewhat controversial. For instance, equipment has
enabled some gargantuan lifts such as Gene Rychlak's 1005 lb/456 kg
bench press and Jeff Lewis's 1201.5 lb/540 kg squat. Yet some argue
that allowing equipment that can give 220 lb/100 kg+ of assistance
to the lift lessens the point of a purely limit strength sport.
However, bench shirts help to prevent pectoral tears and shoulder
injuries when lifting very heavy weights by removing much of the
load stress from the pectorals and shoulders.
The multiplicity of federations and rules, the behind the scenes
politics of Olympic certification, and the use and/or abuse of
competition gear makes the inclusion of the sport in the Olympics
unlikely. There is no recognition in the Olympics for powerlifting
at this time. However, powerlifting is a part of the World Games,
which is patronized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
The International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) runs worldwide
events and aims to standardise an international competition, and is
at the forefront of these kinds of efforts. The IOC recognizes the
International Powerlifting Federation as the 'official' world
powerlifting body, although other federations maintain a worldwide
presence.
International Powerlifting Association - "The greatest powerlifters
in the world compete in the IPA. Our creed 'Lifters for Lifters'
stands alone.... We come together as one, set out to achieve the
same goal---the quest for strength!"
I put this organization first as my first contest in 21 years was an
IPA meet, the Iron House Classic, April, 12-13, 2003, in Newark,
Ohio, hosted by Iron House Gym. I competed in several more IPA
contest after that, including the Iron House meet a second time in
2005.
World Natural Powerlifting Federation - "Where the real drug free
powerlifters compete." Three divisions available: raw, single-ply,
and unlimited gear.
I'm putting this federation second as I switched to competing in the
WNPF in 2006, starting with the western PA Championships April 8, in
Beaver Falls.
Powerlifting Federation Rule Cross Reference Chart - By
Powerlifter's Corner.
AAU Powerlifting - "The AAU Powerlifting Program is dedicated to
promoting and providing competition in Powerlifting and developing
and expanding the current programs for lifters of all ages in
Equipped competition (using supportive gear) and RAW competition (no
supportive gear, only a belt)."
Anti Drug Athletes United - "The purpose of the ADAU is to promote
RAW Drug-Free athletics in many sports, with the main concern being
POWERLIFTING.
American Powerlifting Association - "The APA is the fastest growing
federation in the USA. We offer both drug tested and non tested
venues for the lifter." Includes Kilo/ Pound Conversion Chart and
Swartz and Malone Formula charts.
International Powerlifting Federation - Official rules, records,
meet results, and additional information.
NAP Powerlifting - "Our reason for existence is to bring to all
Powerlifters the opportunity to compete in a drug free environment
without unreasonable parameters."
NASA Powerlifting - "Natural Athlete Strength Association.
Powerlifting, Bench Press, Power Sports." See NASA Regional Website
for West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.
Pure Powerlifting - "Home of PA powerlifting." For the USAPL.
Son Light Power - "Son" in this organization's name refers to Jesus
Christ, the Son of God. It is also a drug-free. So for these
reasons, I like this organization. However, most of its meets are
bench/ deadlift meets. And since my best lift in college was the
squat, I'm not too thrilled with an organization that leaves it out!
US Powerlifting Championships - "This site is dedicated to the
unification of the sport of Powerlifting in the USA."
USA Powerlifting (formerly American Drug Free Powerlifting
Association) - Information on upcoming USAPL meets, qualifying
totals for national meets, American and national records,
coefficient charts, a bi-monthly newsletter, and more.
World Association of Benchers and Deadlifters - "We are an
association of lifters who enjoy competing in the single-lift bench
press and dead lift on state, national, and international levels. We
are a drug-free organization and all meets are drug-tested." Again,
I like the drug-free idea but not the idea of leaving squats out.
World Powerlifting Congress/ American Powerlifting Federation - "as
the WPC consists of 30 countries worldwide that participate in
annual World Championships. We provide competitive and outstanding
powerlifting meets, and are successfully known as 'a lifter's
organization.'"
World Powerlifting Federation - Official Website. I very much
dislike that this organization dropped my out the 114 pound weight
class, the weight class that I compete in!
World Powerlifting Organization - A professional powerlifting
organization. A good idea, but I very much dislike that this
organization eliminated my weight classes: 114s and 123s!
United States Federations
* 100% Raw Powerlifting
* Amateur Athletic Union Powerlifting (AAU)
* American Drug-Free Powerlifting Federation (ADFPF)
* American Powerlifting Association (APA)
* American Powerlifting Committee (APC)
* American Powerlifting Federation (APF)
* Anti Drug Athletes United (ADAU)
* International Powerlifting Association (IPA)
* National Alliance of Powerlifters (NAP)
* Natural Athlete Strength Association (NASA)
* Son Light Power (SLP)
* United States Powerlifting Federation (USPF)
* USA Powerlifting (USAPL)
* World Association of Benchers and Deadlifters (WABDL)
* World Natural Powerlifting Federation (WNPF)
Canadian Federations
* Canadian Powerlifting Association (CPA)
* Canadian Powerlifting Organization (CPO) *as of January, 2006
* Canadian Powerlifting Union (CPU)
Australian Federations
* Powerlifting Australia Inc. (PA)
International Federations
* Global Powerlifting Committee (GPC)
* International Powerlifting Federation (IPF)
* World Drug-Free Powerlifting Federation (WDFPF)
* World Powerlifting Association (WPA)
* World Powerlifting Congress (WPC)
* World Powerlifting Organization (WPO)
* World Association of Bench Pressers and Deadlifters (WABDL)
Controversy and recognition
There have been many controversies in the sport of powerlifting,
creating division into the different organizations and limiting the
sports mainstream involvement as a widespread standardized sport or
being an Olympic event. One of the greatest controversies is over
the use of assistance clothing/gear. Many purists believe that
assistance equipment reduces powerlifting as a pure limit strength
sport. Furthering the complication is not only the use of gear
itself, but the stance the main powerlifting organizations take on
its use. For example, some federations may allow the use of single
ply suits, briefs and shirts, while another may allow triple that
amount or none at all. Another is over the growing use of
performance enhancing drugs. In addition to these larger problems
are small issues with technique such as how long the bar should
pause at the bottom of the bench press or the depth that a lifter
must squat a weight.
IPF Regional Federations
* Asia Powerlifting Federation
* European Powerlifting Federation (EPF)
* International Powerifting Federation (IPF)
* Oceania Powerlifting Federation
NAPF Member Federation Links
* Barbados Powerlifting & Strength Association
* Canadian Powerlifting Union (CPU)
* St Vincent & The Grenadines Powerlifting Federation
* USA Powerlifting Federation (USAPL)
* Puerto Rico Powerlifting Federation
* Powerlifting Federation of Panama
Miscellaneous Links
* International Olympic Committee (IOC)
* Inzer Advance Designs
* Titan Support Systems
* PLGearOnline
* Unofficial USAPL Forum
* Unofficial Collegiate USAPL Forum
* U.S. Anti-doping Agency (USADA)
* U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC)
* American Powerlifting Association - APA - Rules, meet schedule,
contest entry forms, meet results, records, photos.
* American Powerlifting Federation - APF - rules, meets, records,
memberships.
* Ball State Powerlifting - Home to some of the most powerful
strength athletes in the collegiate ranks.
* British Amateur Weightlifter's Association - BAWLA - Affiliated
with IPF Powerlifting and IWF Weightlifting. News, calendar,
records, results, photographs, contacts and links.
* California Powerlifting - Includes state records, upcoming meets,
results, rules, and general information. It is affiliated with the
United States Powerlifting Federation.
* Canadian Drug Free Powerlifting Association - CDFPA - rules,
meets, records, and memberships.
* Canadian Powerlifting Union - CPU - records, contest results,
events, lifter rankings.
* Carolina Powerlifting - Official web site of North Carolina
Powerlifting. Includes records, results, upcoming events, profiles,
lifting tools, and related links.
* Council of Australian Powerlifting Organisations - CAPO - records,
rules, newsletter, photos, forum.
* European Powerlifting Federation - EPF - This page features
records, results, and images.
* Manitoba Powerlifting Association - Competition results, pictures,
events, and links to IPF member sites.
* NASA Kentucky Powerlifting - Information about upcoming
powerlifting events in the state.
* NASA Powerlifting - Photos, upcoming meets, and links to
nutritional and supply companies.
* Natural Powerlifters United - NPU (formerly WNPF) - records,
meets, memberships.
* Pan-American Powerlifting Federation - Records, meet results, and
federation rules.
* Powerlifting Queensland, Australia - Official state sporting
organization for powerlifting in Queensland Australia.
* Qu�bec Powerlifting Federation - Promotes, controls, and develops
powerlifting in Qu�bec. Working in accord with the Canadian
Powerlifting Union (CPU) and the International Powerlifting
Federation (IPF).
* Son Light Power International Powerlifting Federation -
Competition results, records, contact information.
* Southern Powerlifting Federation - Event calender, weightlifting
news, links, adn information about the organization.
* United States Powerlifting Federation - USPF - records, meets,
qualifying totals, memberships.
* USA Powerlifting - USAPL/ADFPA - meets, rules, records,
memberships, qualifying totals.
* USA Powerlifting of Minnesota - Information about powerlifting in
Minnesota and around the world. Includes news, records, events,
photos and message board.
* Westside Barbell Club - [Columbus, Ohio] Provides club
information, training videos, results, Louie Simmons' biography, and
links.
* World Association of Benchers and Deadlifters - The WABDL is an
association of lifters who enjoy competing in the single-lift bench
press and deadlift. Includes news, records, membership information,
meet results, schedule of meets, and entry forms.
Powerlifting & Strength Discussion Forums
* Anbolix Hardcore Forum
* Anabolic Review Forum
* APF Michigan Powerboards
* Bodybuilding.com Forums
* Brian Siders Forums
* Brute Strength
* Canadian Powerlifting Association Forum
* Canadian Powerlifting Union Forum
* ChicagoPowerlifting
* Crain's Power Forum
* Deepsquatter.com Forums
* Diablo Barbell Forum
* Dr Squats Training Forum
* Elite Fitness Discussion Boards
* Firecracker's Pit Forum
* Fortified Iron Forum
* Freak Forum
* GoHeavy Forums
* Hardcore Powerlifters Only
* IPA Forum
* Iron Addicts
* Iron Gladiators
* Iron Mass
* Iron Trybe
* Joe Skopec's Power Forums
* MMI Powertraining
* Monster Magazine Forum
* Newman's Gym Forum
* North Georgia Barbell Forum
* Powerlifting from the Bayou
* Ryan Kenelly Forum
* Rychlak Power Systems Forum
* Supertraining
* Texas Power Scene Forum
* TotalElite
* USAPL Forum
* USPF Forum
* Wannabe Big
* Weightlifting Discussion Forum
* Weight Trainers United Forum
* Westsidebar.net
* WPA -APA Power Forum
* WPC - APF Powerlifting Forum
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Vitawise Guide To Herbs!
W
Marcus Wai
Kevin Ward
Warehouse Fitness & Nutrition Ltd
Warriors on Wheels
Kate Elizabeth Washburn
Web Warehouse Health & Fitness
Weider Internet Site
Weightlifting (Olympic-style)
Weightlifters on the Web
The Weightlifting Page
Weights
WeightsNet
Weight Room
Weighty Matters
Welcome to the Platform
What Bodybuilding Means to Me
Whatever It Takes (Fitness Logs)
Bill Whedon's Fitness Page
Wheeler, Kenneth "Flex"
Wendy's Video Review Page
Whitham, Dawn
Wholesale Health & Fitness Products Inc
Tim Wilbur
Tony Willingham
Will Willis
Lewis Wolk's Fitness Links Home Page
Women's Bodybuilding Forum
Women's Powerlifting
Women's Sports Foundation
Women's Sports Page
World Fitness - Quivira Kiosk
Worldguide: Health & Fitness
World Wide Muscle
World Wide Bodybuilding
World Wide Mall (Health, Fitness & Nutrition)
World Wide Web of Sports
WorldGuide - Health & Fitness
WWW of Fitness - Who's Who
X
XtraFlex Exercise Machines
Y
Yahoo-- Ready For A Fitness Search
Yahoo (search path)
YPN:Net Sports Page
Z
Zen and the Art of Weightlifting
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